Malaysia is one of Southeast Asia’s most exotic yet most comfortable countries to visit. In many ways this diverse republic of 23 million people is unique, but also seems to be a composite of surrounding influences. Strongly Islamic since the 13th century, Malaysia grew to its present form under the British who left in 1957. The influx of Chinese and Indian radically altered the ethnic mix, and descendants of these communities now account for almost half of the population.

Malaysiais basically divided into two regions. The busier peninsula dangles from the heels of Thailand, culminating at Johor Bahru next to the city state of Singapore. Malaysia’s larger buy relatively remoter section – made up of the states of Sarawak and Sabah – occupies roughly the top third of the island Borneo. The two regions differ substantially, and indeed where only united after World War II. You still need your passport when traveling from the peninsula to Borneo as Sarawak and Sabah still have a high degree of autonomy.

For the tourist, Malaysia is one of the more beautiful and appealing destinations in the region. With rapid economic progress, good infrastructure and English widely spoken it has also become one of the most safe and accessible places to visit. The modern capital Kuala Lumpur has seen heavy investment and is emerging as a world-class city. Its dining and shopping can now compete alongside the likes of Singapore, Bangkok, and Hong Kong. Entertainment is picking up too, although it will probably never match the carefree nightlife of other Asian countries. And ‘KL’, as it is known, has staked a name for itself globally with the completion of the iconic Petronas Towers, at 452 metres the world’s tallest buildings.

No other Malaysian city is in the same league as the capital, as most are sleepy and quiet. One thing that might strike the visitor is a relative absence of visible historical landmarks. Unlike most of Asia which is bulging with temples and relics, Malaysia seems to be almost entirely new. This is largely due to the fact that the Malays have traditionally constructed with wood and earlier buildings decayed, but even colonial brick and mortar contributions are few. A glaring exception is in coastal Malacca which lies just a few hours south of the capital and huddles together a collection of Portuguese and Dutch architecture. Further north, approaching the Thai border, the island of Penang is the other main area of historical depth.

The big pull in Malaysia’s natural beauty. The country floats just north of the equator and straddles one of the world’s great rainforest belts. The biodiversity is spectacular. Despite of the logging mania that has ripped through the forests, some amazing flora survives – such as the world’s biggest flower, the Rafflesia. Fauna is truly exotic and includes lovable wonders like the placid

With kilometres of tropical coast Malaysia has some great beaches that have developed more slowly than their popular counterparts in Thailand. Laid-back Langkawi Island  has some fantastic white sandy stretches, far superior to those of Penang. The east coast has good ones too; Tioman, Redang and the backpacking Perhentian Islands supply equal beauty though the monsoon rains affect the winter seasons. Peninsular Malaysia’s climate is tropical – sunny, hot and humid year-round with short bursts of torrential rain. The monsoon between October and April hits the east coast harder, while Borneo gets steady rainfall all year. The hill stations of the Cameron Highlands, Fraser Hill and the gambling centre of Genting, with their cool elevated tea plantations, offer a delightful escape from the oppressive heat.

Hotel-wise Malaysia has the lot – from icons of days gone by such as the E&O in Penang to Langkawi’s out-of-this-world-class Datai, from the highlands’ Tudor replicas right down to quaint beachside lean-tos.

General information for the traveller new to Malaysia.

Visas
Visitors must have a passport valid for 6 months more than the maximum time allowed for their stay in Malaysia. Residents of most countries are granted visa free access for periods ranging from 7 days to 3 months.

Customs
Currency - There are no restrictions on the amount of foreign currency (except banknotes of India up to Rs270 and Indonesia up to Rp3000) which can be taken in and out of Malaysia.
The import and export of Ringgit is restricted to M$ 1,000 per person
Ringgit is currently a closed currency and can only be bought/sold in Malaysia

Visitors may take the following into Malaysia duty free:

• Alcoholic beverages - not exceeding 1 litre
• Tobacco - not exceeding 200 cigarettes, 50 cigars or 225g of tobacco

Penalties for carrying or trafficking illegal drugs are very severe, ranging from long prison sentences to the death penalty.

Time
Malaysian time: GMT + 8 hours

Currency
Malaysian Ringgit (RM), also known as the Malaysian Dollar M$. Check current exchange rates.
100 sen = 1RM
Notes issued - M$500, M$100, M$50, M$20, M$10, M$5, M$1
Coins issued - M$20, M$10, M$5, M$1, 100 sen, 50 sen, 20 sen, 10 sen, 5 sen, 1sen

Language
Behasa Malayu (also known as Malay) is the official language of Malaysia. English is widely spoken and understood. Mandarin, Cantonese and Tamil are also spoken.

Tipping
Tipping is not standard practice in Malaysia but is appreciated. Some hotels and restaurants add a 10% service charge. Tip porters and hotel staff M$5.

Banking Hours
Monday to Friday 9.30 am to 3.00 pm
Saturday 9.30 am to 11.30 am
Note: Banks in Sabah open at 8.00 am and take a lunch break from 12.00 pm - 2.00 pm

Telephone
The international dialling code for Malaysia is 60
When calling overseas from Malaysia dial 00 + country code + area code + telephone number.

Malaysian Telephone codes

Kuala Lumpur, Selangor	03
Penang, Langkawi	04
Johor Bahru	05
Melaka, Port Dickson	06
Pulau Pangkor, Ipoh, Cameron Highlands, Maxwell Hill	05
Fraser's Hill, Tioman Islands, Perhentian Islands, Terengganu, Redang, Kuantan, Kota Bahru	09
Kuching	082
Kota Kinabalu	088
Miri	085

Electricity
220-240V AC 50 cycles per second.
3 pin square plugs.

Water
Tap water is safe to drink in main cities and major hotels. Bottled water is widely available.

Health
Standards of health and hygiene are generally good in Malaysia. Visitors arriving from yellow fever endemic zones must present a yellow fever health certificate. The risk of catching malaria in Malaysia is slim; however it is wise to check the current situation and any vaccination requirements with your doctor when planning your trip.

International Airport

• Kuala Lumpur - opened in 1998 in Sepang (some 60km from the city)
• Penang
• Johor Bahru
• Kota Kinabalu
• Kuching
• Langkawi

International Airport Departure Tax
M$40

Domestic Airport
There are numerous domestic airports in Malaysia; these include those mentioned above plus the following:

• Kuala Lumpur
• Kuala Terengganu
• Pulau Tioman
• Pulau Perhentian
• Pulau Pangkor
• Taman Negara
• Kuantan
• Ipoh
• Melaka
• Pulau Langkawi

Domestic Airport Departure Tax
M$5

Etiquette/Dress Code
Malaysia is a mix of many religions but predominantly Muslim, so dress fairly modestly. Beachwear should be restricted to the beach and topless sunbathing is never acceptable. Away from the beach, clothes should not be too short and the shoulders should be covered. When visiting government offices be sure to dress smartly, as casual dress will be taken as an affront.

There is a large ethnic Chinese population in Malaysia; as with most Asian countries, situations should be avoided which would cause a loss of "face". Try to steer clear of confrontation as it is not appreciated and will only worsen rather than resolve any situation.

Diplomatic Missions
Most countries have representative offices and consulates in Kuala Lumpur and a limited number are also available in Penang.

Useful Sources of Information
For further information on Malaysian tourism.

Malaysia's position in the equatorial zone guarantees a classic tropical climate with relative humidity levels usually around 90%. Weather is fairly hot and humid all year round (with the exception of the cooler climes of the central highlands) averaging 30C in the daytime, with short intense showers almost daily. Malaysia's climate is dominated by the effect of two monsoons or "rainy seasons", which affect different parts of Malaysia to varying degrees.

The north-east monsoon blows between October and March and from May to September Malaysia is affected by the south-west monsoon. Heavier rainfall is experienced in spring and autumn when the monsoon changes direction, however this increased rainfall should not spoil a visit to west coast Malaysia or the hill stations. Mornings are usually hot and sunny with showers in the afternoon.

Try to avoid east coast destinations and Island Malaysia between November and January. Otherwise, Malaysia can be enjoyed at any time of year as the weather is generally hot, sunny and fairly uniform; it's rare to have a day without showers and unusual to have a day without sunshine. Take light summer clothes, carry an umbrella and an extra warm sweater if visiting the hill stations.

Haze In recent years Malaysia has suffered from the phenomena known in Asia simply as "Haze". Caused in part by forest fires and out of control "slash and burn" practices in both Malaysia and neighbouring Indonesia - late summer and early autumn sunny skies have been obscured for days and air quality has been known to be poor. Haze is difficult to predict, however efforts are being made to prevent the recurrence of the severe hazes of 1996 and 1997.

 
South West Coast

 
North West Coast

 
East Coast

 
Hill Stations

Sabah Tourism arrivals up despite the KKIA upgrade works 
Kota Kinabalu: TOURIST arrivals into Sabah are on the upward trend despite the Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA) being actively upgraded, CM Datuk Seri Musa said.

He said there were 175,288 arrivals up to April this year compared to 161,335 in the same period last year.

"This shows that efforts towards developing the State's tourism sector are starting to bear fruits," he said.

Musa, who is also Finance Minister, said Sabah saw 2.091 million visitors in 2006 compared to 1.828 million in the previous year.

"(So) in view of this positive development in tourism arrivals, those directly involved in the industry must take a proactive approach in fulfilling the needs of our guests," he said.

Continue reading at: Sabah Tourism arrivals up despite the KKIA upgrade works

Sabah Govt mulls allowing only day trips to islands

Sabah targets 2.3mil tourists this year

Visit Sabah, Malaysia Travelling Tips

• Climate:
  Equatorial/Tropical, with occasional rain-showers

• Average Temperature:
  Lowlands - 32 Degrees Centigrade.
  Highlands - 21 Degrees Centigrade.

• Currency:
  Malaysian Ringgit (RM). Travellers cheques and foreign currencies can be changed for Malaysian Ringgit at banks, money-changers and hotels. Most major hotels charge a nominal fee for currency conversion.

• Major Credit and Charge Cards:
  VISA, MasterCard, American Express, Diners Club.

• Banking Hours:
  Mondays to Fridays - 9:30 a.m. till 4:00 p.m. (2nd and 3rd Week Saturdays open 9:30 a.m. till 12 noon)

• Local Time:
  Standard Malaysian Time is 8 hours ahead of GMT.

• Electricity:
  240 volts AC / 50-Cycle system.

• Language:
  Bahasa Malaysia is the national language. However, English is widely spoken.

• Entry Requirements:

  1. A valid passport (and visa wherever applicable) is required.

  2. A Social or Tourist Visit Pass does not permit the holder to take up employment, business or professional work in Malaysia.

  3. The Professional Visit Pass allows foreign visitor to enter the country for business negotiations or inspection of business premises. These passes however, cannot be used for employment purposes or for supervising the installation of new machinery of the construction of a factory.

  4. A fee is charged for a Professional Visit Pass depending on purpose of visit, profession and country.

  TRAFFICKING IN ILLEGAL DRUGS CARRIES THE DEATH PENALTY

NOTE   : Booking with FULL NAME-LIST Passport Details is appreciate

              GIT minimum rooms requirement varies by each hotel

PRICE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE

Introduction

The state of Johor lies at the southern most part of Malaysia. This southern gateway to Malaysia covering an area of 19, 984 sq km, is the second largest state in West Malaysia. The history of early Johor is a chronicle of glory and prosperity during the days when gambir and black pepper was a thriving business.

To the Siamese, Johor is "Gangganu" or 'Treasured Stones'. It was also once known as the "End of the Land" as it occupies the tail portion of mainland Asia. Its present name, Johor, is derived from an Arabic word 'Jauhar' which means Precious Stones.

Johor Bahru has a number of interesting historical buildings and handicraft centers. Outside the state capital in the smaller towns and villages along the coast, are picturesque scenes of rural kampungs and fishing villages. Those who prefer to bask in the tropical sun can choose between the well-known beaches

Introduction

The state of Kedah spans approximately 9, 425 sq. km in the northern part of the Peninsular and together with Perlis, Perak and Kelantan, shares a common border with neighbouring Thailand. It has the distinction of being the "Rice Bowl of Malaysia", the Kedah-Perlis rice plains produce more than half of the country's home grown rice supply. Alor Setar, the state capital, is the seat of Government and the business centre of the state.

The flat expanse of padi fields against a backdrop of rolling hills provides a picture of utter serenity that lulls the senses. Off its western shore, are clusters of sun-drenched islands that comprise the legendary islands of Langkawi. Kedah also owes its fame to the archeological discoveries at the Bujang Valley, which furnished evidence of the existence of an early civilisation dating back to the 6th cebtury A.D. With its islands, legends, historical relics, hill stations and scenic aterfalls, Kedah offers the visitor a variety of sights, sounds and fun-filled activities - from beach combing to diving, water skiing, picnicking or merely to take in the sights

Introduction

Kelantan, which translates as the "Land of Lightning" is a veritable treasure throve of delights - rustic fishing villages, verdant padi fields and languid, palm-fringed beaches.

Tucked away in the north-eastern corner of Peninsular Malaysia, the people of Kelantan have managed to keep alive age-old customs and traditions, thus earning the state a reputation as the Cradle of Malay Culture.

Introduction Kelantan, which translates as the "Land of Lightning" is a veritable treasure throve of delights - rustic fishing villages, verdant padi fields and languid, palm-fringed beaches. Tucked away in the north-eastern corner of Peninsular Malaysia, the people of Kelantan have managed to keep alive age-old customs and traditions, thus earning the state a reputation as the Cradle of Malay Culture. Here, colourful kites soar upwards defying gravity and giant drums reverberate. Shadow puppets mesmerise audiences and giant tops provide hours of endless fun.

Kelantan has a population of about 1.4 million ; 95% is Malay with Chinese, Indians and Orang Asli making up the rest. Kelantanese are renowned for their warmth and friendliness. Kelantan Darul Naim is a world of gracious beauty, retaining an old-world charm that few can resist. Come, let her natural attributes work their magic on you!

Introduction

Kuala Lumpur, a city covering 243.6 sq km. with a population of 1.3 million people, is situated on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, just about midway between north and south and approximately 35 kilometers from the coast. The days are generally hot and humid but the nights are pleasantly cooler, while the average annual rainfall is about 220mm.

Kuala Lumpur, which is also the capital of Malaysia, function as the center of Malaysia's political, commercial and social life. It is a city of delightful contrast - a combination of modern cosmopolitan, sophistication and lingering old world charm; a juxtaposition of gracious colonial edifices, pre-war shop houses and gleaming copper domed roofs against a backdrop of towering skyscrapers. Narrow streets of quaint old shop houses open out to wide-open tree-lined avenues. The favorable climate accounts for the lush greenery and profusion of tropical blooms in a riot of colors - a truly fitting background for its happy mix of multi-racial populace of Malays, Chinese, Indians and other races. The end result is unique blend of age-old customs and traditions: colorful festivals, songs and dances and a rich variety of foods to tempt the palate. Experience the multi-faceted fascinations of Malaysia - right here in Kuala Lumpur.

Introduction

Melaka is located on the Western Coast of Peninsular Malaysia facing the Straits of Melaka, about 147 kilometers from Kuala Lumpur and 245 kilometers from Singpore. Melaka is actually found sandwiched between the states of Negeri Sembilan and Johor. It can be reached by excellent roads from Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. Internally it is serviced by a very good network of roads leading to all the historical places of interest. It covers and area of 658 square kilometers and is divided into three districts namely Alor Gajah, Melaka Tengah and Jasin.

Melaka was founded by Parameswara (or Raja Iskandar) the last Malay ruler of Temasik (ancient Singapore) in 1396 when he and his followers retreated up the straits to Muar, then to Sungai Ujung before settling at Bertam near the estuary of Melaka River.

Finding the place of strategic location, he decided to make a permanent settlement there, naming it "Melaka" after the name of the tree he leaned against.

The Melaka Sultanate occupies a special position in the history of Malaysia. Its inauguration marked the beginning of the emergence of a new Malay empire. The birthplace of the Malay Sultanates and Malaysia's historic city, Melaka provided the stage on which the Portuguese, Dutch and English played out their roles in shaping the history.

Melaka emerged as a strong maritime trading state under the industrious Parameswara and his chiefs. Melaka also began to be noticed by Muslim traders from West Asia and India, who until that period, had been concentrating their activities in Aru, Pedir and Pasai en-route to the East, especially China. Because of its strategic location straddling the Straits of Melaka, it thrived as a port-of-call and a centre of entrepot trade with ships and merchants from China, Japan, India, Arab and South Africa.

In 1511, it fell to the hands of the Portuguese, followed by the Dutch in 1641 after a fierce battle. In 1795, Melaka was given to the British to prevent it falling to the French when the Netherlands was captured during the Napoleonic Wars. It was returned to the Dutch in 1818 under the treaty of Vienna but was later exchanged by the British for Bangkahulu, Sumatra. From 1826 onwards, the British East India Company along with Singapore and Penang governed it, under the Straits Settlement administration in Calcutta.

The Dutch, who held Melaka for over a century, left many fine buildings marking their heritage. The most imposing relic of the Dutch period is the Stadthuys, a strikingly pink town hall which is today the oldest Dutch building in the Far East. Right next to it stands the bright red Christ Church, constructed with pink bricks imported from Holland and covered with local red lacerite. Today, these buildings together with the ruins of the Portuguese built A Famosa and St. Paul's Church are the most prominent reminders of the Europeans' presence in Melaka.

After World War II, anti-colonial sentiment bred in the country among the nationalists, the result of which was the proclamation of Independence by Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, Malaysia's first Prime Minister, at the Padang Pahlawan (Warrior's Field) at Bandar Hilir, Melaka on 20 February 1956.

Introduction

Negeri Sembilan simply means 'Land of Nine States'. The name is so-called because it once comprised nine separate districts, each ruled by a Malay Chieftain. Seremban, its capital is easily accesible by road and rail to Kuala Lumpur, about 50 kilometres away. Among the main attractions of the town are the Cultural Handicraft complex, the State Museum, the State Mosque and the Lake Gardens.

The state is often associated with the influence of Minangkabau migrants from Sumatra who came during the settlement era into Malaya long ago. The settlement then led to its strong unique and distinctive characteristic, best seen in the architecture and styles reflected in the construction of buildings as well as homes. One unique feature is the horn-shaped roof. The Minangkabaus also brought with them their 'adat' or traditions, in particular the matrilineal kinship system. This system is evident until today especially in the marriage customs, ownership of property and dance forms.

The music and dance, though not widely practised today by the locals, is still an area which is a pride here. There are different types of songs and dances. The songs are mostly lively and fast beat. They mostly have a significant sound of metal-made hollow drums called the 'cak-lempong' in the background. The 'tarian lilin' (candle dance) is a popular dance among the Minagkabaus where the dancers dance in the dark, with candles lit on saucers placed on their palms being the only lights that could be seen. Then, there is also another interesting dance performance called the 'endang'. 'Endang' is a unique dance that requires the dancers to sit on the floor in a yoga position or what the Malays call 'bersila' and do synchronized rhythmic movements in accordance to the lively background music.

When you're in 'The Nine States', there are lots to explore as it is a perfect example of a modern state embraced by rich customs and traditions. Here is a good balance of old and new attractions.

The Seri Menanti Palace, converted to the Royal Museum in 1992, is a classic showcase of Minangkabau structure and design. Built at the turn of the century by two local craftsmen, the wooden palace took six years to complete and is an architectural wonder as no screws or nails were used in its construction. Elsewhere, the pretty village settings are reminiscent of the Minangkabau influence.

The Arts & Culture Park or popularly known as Taman Seni Budaya Negeri is indeed a typical example where the legacy of the Minagkabau architecture exists. It exhibits some of the rich cultural traditions and artefacts of the state. In this area stands the Istana Ampang Tinggi (a palace which has been converted into the State Museum) in its original state since it was built in 1861. The palace exhibits various old weapons as well as brass and silverware used by the Royal families. One will also get to see a tableau that potrays a grand royal weddings on display.

Negeri Sembilan has a popular beach, Port Dickson (also known as PD), about 33 kilometres west of Seremban. PD lies on the shores of the Straits of Malacca. This resort town with its miles of golden beaches and a wide range of accommodation is a favourite 'playground' for the city dwellers of Kuala Lumpur and Singapore as well as the neighbouring towns. PD also host the annual Pesta Port Dickson or PD Fiesta between July and August. The Fiesta offers all sorts of fun and games as well as sea sports activities.

And if you've seen the film "Blue Lagoon", spend some time visiting Blue Lagoon - a popular spot subtly tucked away from the busy town of Port Dickson. Though not the actual location as in the film, those with video camera can at least imagine doing another sequel to the famous film. Once you leave the Blue Lagoon beach, take a half kilometre drive through an area surrounded by lush jungle which will lead you to a flight of steps. The 63 stairs will then lead you to the foot of a 16th century lighthouse, Tanjung Tuan lighthouse built by the Portugese, formally known as Cape Rachado. With prior permission, one gets enter the lighthouse to see a magnificent view the Straits of Malacca.

Another little town which has its own attraction is the Pedas Hot Springs. Pedas Hot Springs is where anyone can get a chance to relieve muscle ache or body ache in private bathing enclosures. Many believe that the hot water from the underground springs has medicinal values for certain skin and rheumatism problems.

One must also try out something refreshing for the mind and body. Ulu Bendol which is about 25 km south of Seremban on the road leading towards Kuala Pilah, is a perfect escapade. It is cool and peaceful and has lots of space for picnickers. Not far away from this fine spot, for those who are a little bit more adventurous, going for a hike up to Gunung Agsi is a great experience. Every step there is to make to the top is sheer pleasure as you will find lots of beautiful birds, lizards and sometimes snakes that you hardly find elsewhere.

One should also try out some of the traditional dishes offered by the locals like beef rendang (beef cooked in rich spices and coconut), gulai lemak cili api (tumeric gravy with chilli).

Negeri Sembilan is definitely a state of difference. With a culture so unique, put together with its music, lovely destinations and delicious food, it is a wholesome package that will undoubtedly cause one to bring home a wonderful exploration experience.

Introduction

Mention Pahang and conjures up visions of lush tropical forests, cool mountain air, endless sandy beaches glistering in the sun, lakes and waterfalls nesting in the arms of mountain crevices plus everything else that spells a resort to nature. Pahang is in fact all these and much more.

Located in the East Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia, Pahang is the peninsula's largest state. Currently, has a population of 1.2 million. Spanning north to south of the state, forming a natural divider between east and west Pahang is a formidable mountain range wherein lies Peninsular Malaysia's highest peak, Gunung Tahan, the inspiration of many a mountaineers in this part of the world. Pahang's climate is characteristic of the tropics - hot and humid all the year round with distinct wet and dry season that coincides with the wet seasons from the South China Sea. Kuantan, the state capital, is not only fast developing as a commercial town but is also a popular seaside resort. Pekan, the royal town is situated 45 km south of Kuantan.

Introduction

Perak Darul Ridzuan, the Land of Grace, covers an area of 21,000 square kilometres and has a population of about two million.

The state is divided into nine districts and its major towns include lpoh, Kuala Kangsar, Taiping, Teluk Intan and Lumut. Kuala Kangsar is the royal town of Perak, while lpoh is the administrative centre and state capital.

There are several versions as to the origin of Perak. Some say that the name "PERAK" came from Bendahara Tun Perak of Malacca while some say that it came from the "glimmer of fish in the water" that sparkled like silver, or Perak as it is known in Malay. Therefore, the mere mention of the state's name will reflect the treasures hidden in its earth.

The Perak State, in actual fact, has been in existence since the prehistoric age. Kota Tampan in Lenggong is the one and only proof that the Palaeolithic Age existed in Malaya. The Perak State went through numerous evolutions between 400 000 BC and 8000 BC.

The state had experienced the Hoabinhian Era and the Neolithic Age as well as the Metal Age, which was proven with the findings of relevant ancient artifacts.

Then came the Hindu/Buddha era. It was thought to have occured simultaneously with the rest of Malaya.

After this period, the history of the state advanced a step further with the formation of minor territories such as Manjung in the Dinding District and Beruas which came into existence after Manjung ceased to exist. This also apply to a few other territories in the Perak Tengah and Hulu Perak. It was also then that Islam began to plant its roots firmly in the state.

Historically Perak's history actually began with the installation of Sultan Muzaffar Shah 1, who was a descendent of Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca, in the year 1528. Although the Perak Sultanate had formed the territorial powers were still in effect. The administrative method was an extension of the democratic feudal system of Malacca.

Perak became more prominent with the discovery of tin in Larut, Taiping in 1848 by Long Jaafar. With this discovery, Perak's economy boomed and more mining areas were brought into existence. In addition to tin ore, natural rubber also played an important role and is still being planted after the reign of 33 or 34 consecutive Sultans.

Due to this significant implication of economic development resulted in the birth of a multiracial society especially with the introduction of the Chinese into the mining area.

The British who had long been interested Perak, intervened through the Pangkor Treaty in 1874 after a riot in Larut. As a result of this intervention, the Residential system was introduced with James W.W Birch as its first Resident.

Initially, the Residential system was supposed to yield positive results. However, because it deviated from its original cause, compled with the natives' refused to be colonized led to an uprising against the Resident under the leadership of Datuk Maharaja Lela. As a result J.W.W Birch was assassinated in 1875.

The Residential system continued until the arrival of the Japanese to Malaya in 1941. The Perak State also suffered, as did others, during the Japanese occupation of Malaya until the year 1945.

Even after the Japanese surrendered, the British still colonized Malaya until the year 1948. Violence was rampant then in Perak, due to Communist terrorism.

After the Japanese occupation in Malaya, the Malay States were not stable. The British did their utmost best to maintain their position by introducing new administration systems such as the Malayan Union in 1946, despite the people's nasionalistic spirit to seek independence.

The people of Malaya combined their efforts with all state dignitaries to fully rebel against all British systems. They continuesly oppressed until the British granted Malaya independence in 1957.

The independence of Malaya meant the freedom for all its Federated States, which Perak was a part of. Rapid development in all fields continued until today, after the reign of 34 consecutive Sultans.

Introduction

Perlis may be the smallest state in Malaysia, but it boasts a wealth of natural, cultural and historical splendours that rival the bigger states. You may be mesmerised by the many quaint villages, picturesque scenery and centuries-old traditions wherever you go. In short, Perlis is the perfect destination to head for if you prefer old world charm instead of the hustle and bustle of the city, where life is unhurried and the environment naturally fresh and crisp.

Perlis lies at the northwestern tip of the Malay Peninsula; bounded by Thailand in the north, and by Kedah to the east and south. Its western coastline borders the Straits of Melaka. It measures approximately 810 sq km and has a population of 217,480. The state capital is Kangar while Arau, 10km away, is the Royal town.

Although small in size, Perlis is not without its attractions, foremost among which is its serene beauty. Perlis, too, abounds with rustic rural scenes and rolling green fields of padi.

January to April the weather is generally warm and dry. Days are hot and windy but nights can become cold towards dawn. September to December is wet. The average annual rainfall is between 2,000 ml and 2,500 ml (80" to 100") and humidity is high throughout the year. Temperature varies little the year round, ranging from 21° C to 32° C.

Introduction

A melting pot of over 30 different races and over 80 different dialects Sabah's people consists of the Kadazan/Dusun Eajau, Murut, Rungus. Lottid, Brunei, Orang Sungai. Kadayan and many oilier subgroups. Picture yourself in a country where the attractions are as varied as they are excitingly fresh and unspoilt beaches, isolated tropical islands, fascinating culture, colourful and beautiful marine life, spectacular countryside dominated by an awesome mountain (Mt Kinabalu, the highest in South East Asia), and where the genuine friendliness and hospitality of the people are part of their tradition.

Sabah's State Parks are a naturalist's paradise with their unique flora and fauna. Sabah also has the world's largest orang utan sanctuary. If you are feeling adventurous, go jungle trekking, visit a longhouse and be intrigued by the traditional lifestyle, explore caves, experience rafting, go mountaineering, or dive and discover exciting and colourful marine life.

However you want it - Sabah can be simple or sophisticated. She has retained her traditional charm and freshness, as well as keeping in step with the 20th century. Sabah will surely impress you with her unique and unspoilt character - truly Borneo's paradise.

laze around in white prestine and unspoilt tropical beaches conquer the highest peak in South East Asia encounter wildlife in their natural habitat admire the largest flower in the world appreciate the culture of the colourful indigenous peoples rough it out in controlled adventure vacation sites brave the river rapids on a white water rafting adventure be one with nature in the world of million years old rainforests dive into some of the world's best underwater wonderlands explore the underwater cave of the world's only mushroom-shaped world class dive spot    Travelling around Sabah is easy and cheap and the locals are helpful and friendly. Most of the tropical wonders of the world can be found right here in sunny Sabah. You don't have to travel far and wide to savour the best tropical attractions, saving you invaluable time and money to stay put in just one tropical vacation destination. You can actually experience Sun, Sea and Sand, Forest and Mountain in just under ONE hour - that is, if you utilize a helicopter service. But what's the rush? To get the most out of a memorable tropical vacation here, you will need at least a week. To experience the "Best of Borneo" in Sabah, a month stay may not be enough. You are likely to fall in love with the warmth and friendly charm of Sabah to depart early like some of her more famous admirers: Agnes Keith, the famous American writer of the early 1900s was mesmerized by Sabah's beauty that she lived in Sabah for many years and wrote several best-selling books including the famous "Land Below The Wind". Jacques Cousteau, oceans' greatest ambassador, fell in love with Sipadan Island, a world class dive destination in the East Coast of Sabah, and its surrounding area so much that he decided to let the Calypso's anchor lay there longer than it had on any other expedition to have a longer scuba diving vacation. Prof. David Bellamy, the world famous ecology professor, author, and documentary producer, called Sabah, the "Nature Hollywood" of the world. He added that Sabah is "living solar-powered theme park". Sir David Attenborough, acclaimed conservationist/film maker, declared that "Sabah has the greatest treasure of wildlife". Many have called Sabah a tropical paradise, an apt description in more ways than one as there are no shortage of good food to enjoy, tranquil places to ease the soul, things to see, activities to do and the mystical attractions and marvels to lift the human spirit. Some travellers said that "It is more than a vacation for most, it is a privilege to stay in Sabah". You will not only value your wonderful vacation, but your experience will also likely to help you foster a conservation ethic and instil greater environmental practices   Air Travel to Sabah, Borneo Getting to Sabah through air travel is easy. The main gateway to Sabah is via Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA) located in Kota Kinabalu, the capital city of Sabah. KKIA is the second busiest airport in Malaysia (after Kuala Lumpur International Airport) servicing more than 70 international flights per week.  KKIA currently receives direct non-stop flights from Peninsular Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru), Sarawak (Kuching), Japan (Osaka and Tokyo), Korea (Seoul), China (Shanghai and Guangzhou), Taiwan (Taipei and Kaoshiung), Hong Kong, The Philippines (Manila, Cebu, Puerto Princessa, Zamboanga), Brunei Darussalam, Thailand (Bangkok) and Singapore. If you are coming from around Asia, air travel to Sabah may be just short flight away. You have a choice of several airlines including Malaysian Airlines System, Air Asia/Thai Air Asia, Royal Brunei Airlines, Dragonair, Far Eastern Airlines, TransAsia, Uniair, Phoenix Air and Asiana Airlines to catch a direct route to Kota Kinabalu. If you are coming from Australia or New Zealand, Malaysian Airlines and Royal Brunei Airlines fly to Sabah with one stop-over (in Kuala Lumpur and Brunei Darussalam respectively) from several major cities in the Australasia region. The transit flight from Brunei to Kota Kinabalu only takes about 20 minutes whereas the flight from Kuala Lumpur across the South China Sea takes about 1 hour and 20 minutes. There used to be a direct Sydney to Kota Kinabalu flight by Australian Airlines but unfortunately, it was discontinued early 2005. If you are coming from North America, Europe or other continents, all you have to do is find the most convenient flight route from your country that goes to Kuala Lumpur. There are more frequency of daily flights to Sabah from there than from Johor Bahru. But if you have a prior vacation in other Asian countries, then you can choose between the direct route from Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore, China, Japan or Taiwan. If you are already in Peninsular Malaysia (or West Malaysia as it is sometimes refered to as), then you should have no problem whatsoever to air travel to Sabah. Besides Malaysia Airlines, you might consider using Asia's first no-frill budget airline, Air Asia for cheaper airfares. Watch out for Air Asia's regular online discounted fare special. By the way, Air Asia also flies direct to Kota Kinabalu from Bangkok (Thailand) and Clark (the Philippines). Click here for more information on Air Asia's route to Sabah. Once you reach Kota Kinabalu International Airport, if your vacation is not arranged by a travel company, you can easily catch a cab to your destination of choice. Taxis from the airport operate under a controlled system. You proceed to a designated counter and purchase a coupon for your destination. If you are not sure, you can ask the airport staff or anyone where's the counter. After getting the coupon, you simply hand it to the taxi driver (normally, there are many taxis queueing up at an area near the counter). You do not need to pay in cash at all.   Getting Around Sabah Borneo on a Tropical Vacation Getting around Sabah, Malaysia Borneo is a breeze, thanks to a well-planned tourism circuit and efficient road system leading to the major tropical vacation attractions. If your holiday is planned by a travel company, then you will not have to worry much about getting around. You will normally travel by coach or van. If you want to do it yourself, mini buses ply most of the main routes. Or you can take a taxi. Car rental companies are also aplenty if you want to drive yourself. In fact, you can even travel overland around Sabah but do take note that some portion of the road (especially on the Tawau and Interior portion) may be a bit rugged at this moment. So, you may need a 4WD or a SUV.     Flying is often the quickest way to get around. It will also save you quality time from traveling by road. It is also convenient to use Malaysian Airline System (MAS), the main domestic airline to get from Kota Kinabalu to other major towns such as Sandakan, Tawau, Lahad Datu and Labuan. Fares are reasonable priced as well. Click Here for more information on Malaysian Airline System route in Sabah. If you wish to take an aerial tour or to save traveling time, you can charter a helicopter, available from Sabah Air in Kota Kinabalu. For Layang Layang Island, it is only accessible by air from Kota Kinabalu via Layang-Layang Airways from the old air port terminal (only four flights per week). Island destinations such as Tunku Abdul Rahman Park (which house the offshore islands of Manukan, Gaya, Mamutik in the West Coast of Sabah), Selingan Turtle Island Park (in Sandakan), diving hotspot in the East Coast (Sipadan, Langkayan, Kapalai and Mabul), Pulau Tiga (or Survivor Island off Kuala Penyu coast) are accessible by fast ferry services, But you are require to make pre-arrangements and bookings unless you utilized a travel company. You can also travel to Labuan by ferry via Menumbok (near Kuala Penyu) if you desire. The map of Sabah below shows the major towns and islands. Depending on your intended destination, the map will give you some idea of what transportation mode is best for you to get around.     Why visit Borneo? The modern multi cultured city, The sandy beaches, The Virgin Forest.  The virgin forest of Borneo is the true forest, the true biological treasures. The Rainforest is the oldest living ecosystem on Earth, over half the world's plants and animals are found in it. The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to capture on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.  If you ever visit a rainforest, one of the things you are likely to notice is that it is never silent, whether day or night. This is because millions, even billions of animals living in the rain forest. Rain Forests are disappearing from day to day, If you don�t see it now? You might not have the chance to see it in future. Human are losing earth's greatest biological treasures just as we are beginning to appreciate their true value. Rainforests once covered 14% of the earth's land surface; now they cover a mere 6% and experts estimate that the last remaining rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years. Big possibility Borneo Virgin Forest could be the last one to stand, It is one on the very few forests fully protected by world organisation.  Nearly half of the world's species of plants, animals and micro organisms will be destroyed or severely threatened over the next quarter century due to rainforest deforestation. More than half of the world's estimated 10 million species of plants, animals and insects live in the tropical rainforests. Rainforests have evolved over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and breathing renewable natural resources that for eons, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have contributed a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind.  The Wonders you discover in Borneo is the world's greatest remaining natural resource, is the most powerful and bioactively diverse natural phenomenon on the planet   Why Sabah, Malaysia Borneo is an Ideal Tropical Island Vacation Destination A tropical vacation in Sabah, Malaysia Borneo, offers more than just a wonderful opportunity to relax and unwind on a secluded tropical beach or dive at Jacques Cousteau's favourite tropical island dive spot. The Caribbean Islands may be the current popular choice for an ultimate Tropical Island Vacation but Sabah offers a truly complete tropical island vacation package as it is a land of tropical wonders from ocean deep to mountain high.    All in all, Sabah is truly unique, exotic and highly diverse. Blessed with rich marine and coastal waters, pristine beach and nature, scenic views, an abundance of flora and fauna and cultural resources of multi-ethnic groups, Sabah’s tropical tourism assets are aplenty. The following are some of the highlights:   Tropical Island - Sabah has the best beaches in the whole of Borneo, which some travellers said is equivalent to many of the best tropical beaches in the region.   Offshore Tropical Island Vacation- take a day-trip or spend a night or two at one of the many offshore islands around Sabah, that provides an enchanting environment to rival any tropical island in the world. Tropical Gateway - leave hustle bustle behind to secluded and prestine beach resorts, nature resorts or mountain resorts. Or you may consider vacation rentals for short term or long term stay. Tropical Resorts - the best beaches are likely within the vicinity of world class luxurious tropical resorts, which provides a service of excellence equals to any top resorts worldwide. Ideal also for romantic honeymoon or tropical wedding. Adventure Vacation - climb up (more like a hike) Mount Kinabalu without the need to organise an expedition like in the Himalayas, or ride the rapids on white water rafting down the rapids of the longest river in Sabah.   Scuba Diving Vacation- Sipadan island may be the most well-known dive destination with unequal underwater scene and marine life, but there are many other breathtaking dive destinations that you can visit such as Mabul, Kapalai and Lankayan. National Park Vacation - enjoy the cool and refreshing mountain air at Kinabalu National Park, a World Heritage Site, where Mount Kinabalu is situated. Take a guided walk along the many nature trails or via tree-based canopy walk suspended at the top of the canopy of the rainforest.   Nature Vacation- be one with nature in controlled eco-friendly environments such as the 160 million years old Danum Valley rainforest, which is older than the great Amazon rainforest. Family Vacation - spent a night or two with your family in controlled adventure vacation sites, re-enact the Survivor Borneo series at Survivor Island, or watch the playful Orang Utans in the world's largest rehabilitation center. Wild Adventure - catch the breathtaking sights of rare wildlife such as the Sumatran rhinoceros and the Asian elephants at the "Lost World" or take a river cruise to witness nature's Christmas Lights (i.e., the fireflies) and catch a glimpse of the long-nose Proboscis Monkeys. 10 Little Things That Make Sabah Special Still have some doubts about travelling to Sabah? I don't blame you given the many unsavoury factors in the world today. But before you click away, you may want to take a look at a general introduction of Borneo and Sabah, Malaysia, and Ten Little Things that make Sabah a truly wonderful and unique Tropical Island to live in or visit.     Introducing Sabah, Malaysia Borneo and... 10 Little Things that make Sabah Malaysia Borneo one of the best place to live in or visit Borneo comprised the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, the sultanate country of Brunei Darussalam, and the Indonesian province of Kalimantan. Borneo is the third largest island in the world and its rainforest and eco-system is acknowledged to be one of the oldest in the world. It is an exotic place blessed with a huge variety of flora and fauna as well as plentiful scenic natural beauties from breathtaking islands to awe inspiring mountains. Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia behind its Borneo neighbour, Sarawak. It was once known as North Borneo, under the British colony rule from the late 19th century to early 20th century. It changed its name to Sabah after gaining independence through the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. Sabah is one of thirteen states in Malaysia, a democratic country where general elections are held every 5 years to elect a government to be led by a Prime Minister. Sabah has its own Cabinet and Ministerial form of Government headed by Chief Minister. Sabah also has a single Chamber Legislative Assembly (ala UK constitutional system) which are responsible over matters not reserved for the Federal Constitution. Besides the touristic attractions, the following are 10 little things, taken granted by most Sabahans, that make Sabah one of the best place to live in: Summer All Year Round Well, almost. Sabah have warm tropical weather and warm seas for at least 9 months of the year. Usually, there will be about 3 months of rainy spell during the Monsoon season (normally November to January in areas around Kota Kinabalu, and different months in other districts like Sandakan or Tawau) but that does not mean it will rain non-stop for 3 months. It just mean an occassional shower or two, which might be heavier than other months. Due to the Greenhouse effect, the Monsoon season is not so predictable anymore. Relatively Free from Natural Disasters Sabah is affectionately known as The "Land Below the Wind", first made famous in a best selling book by Agnes Keith, the famed American writer of the early 20th century. It is also a name appropriately given to the state as Sabah lies below the typhoon (or hurricane) belt of East Asia - Sabah only feels the brush of the tail wind of a typhoon and therefore, is relatively free from any wrath of nature. Early seafaring traders were said to seek refuge in Sabah from the vicious typhoons that plague other parts of Southeast Asia in the summer. Calm, Serene and Modern As a state within the Federation of Malaysia, Sabah, which is slightly less developed than its counterparts in Peninsular Malaysia, is basically away from the hustle bustle of a city environment. Even Kota Kinabalu city, the capital and business centre of Sabah is very much a surburban town compared to Kuala Lumpur. It is less crowded everywhere even in the city. But The international gateway to Borneo, Kota Kinabalu is a major city with fast developing modern infrastructure, well-planned with an efficient road system, and an International airport that has become the busiest airport in Malaysia after the Kuala Lumpur International Airport. Warm, Friendly and Colorful People You will be fascinated by the warm hospitality and smiling faces of Sabahans, which come in many races and exhibit wide cultural diversity. You will also be captivated by the remarkable feature of the colorful population. There are at least 30 distinct ethnic indigenous groups in Sabah speaking different languages and close to 100 dialects. The days of savage tribesmen and headhunting are history and only illustrated/depicted for tourism purposes. The major races are Kadazandusun, Bajau, Murut, Malay and Chinese . But of course, people tend to be even more helpful and friendlier as you get further away from the town centres like in the interior or rural areas. English and Chinese Widely Spoken Malay or Bahasa Melayu is the national language of Malaysia but English is considered as the second language in Sabah (as well as in Malaysia as a whole), perhaps as a legacy of being a former colony of the United Kingdom. Most locals can converse well in the language, and even the less educated rural folks can maybe understand a few words (and give direction as well). Chinese is also widely spoken as there are many people of Chinese origin residing here (third largest ethnic group). Mandarin is the standard Chinese dialect for communication but Hakka and Cantonese is commonly used for daily conversation in West Coast and East Coast respectively. Best Seafood and Tropical Fruits Being a coastal state, Sabah is well known for its abundant fresh and tasty seafood. Many visitors have been raving about the superior quality of Sabah's seafood and certainly behooves Sabah to be committed on marine conservation efforts. You can easily find seafood in local restaurants and seafood centres. You can even choose the fish, lobster or tiger prawn of your choice from the restaurant's aquarium for the cook to prepare your meal. As for tropical fruits, all of them can be found here such as durians, rambutans, mangosteen, belimbing (or star fruit) and many more. But there are also has a number of specials not found anywhere else such as at least 14 varieties of local mango including the popular bambangan, the tarap, a variety of wild durian with red flesh, and the Markisa, a yellow-skinned passion fruit. Politically and Socially Stable Malaysia as a whole is the most stable country in the region. There have never been a change in government since independence (ruled by an alliance groups of multi-racial political parties called Barisan Nasional or National Front). Malaysia's commitment to religious plurality and economic equality has created enduring harmony and peace in multi-cultural Sabah. Despite so many people from different races and religions living together, Sabah never experience any serious racial tensions or riots in its 40+ years history. Most Sabahans are simple folks and satisfied with and appreciative our economic well-being. Poverty here is defined by household income, not by material possessions or daily meals. Starvation is unheard of in Sabah. Our hardcore poor may still be living in their own land and can plough the land for food. Safe and Secured Crime is not really a big issue in Sabah. Your probability of being mugged on the street of Kota Kinabalu is almost the same as falling down from a staircase in a hotel here. But it's always good to take precaution and avoid back alleys (not many anyway) or dimly-lighted areas after midnight. Crime is almost a non-issue in most touristic places and accommodations. Your wallet is more likely to be stolen by an Orang Utan at Sepilok than by his cousin, the homo sapien. Low Health Risk Basically, cases of infectious diseases like Malaria are rare (even in the rural areas) and always brought in from elsewhere, but you are best advised to take a preventive medication, such as Maloprim or Paludrine especially for visiting places such as Sukau, Tabin or Danum Valley. But normally, you would have been advised well in advance by your travel guide/company. Limited Terrorist Threats Sabah is safer than most places in the world for the following three reasons: 1. Not densely populated and easy-to-target tour destinations (e.g., eco, rainforest, natural caves, rural areas, etc. normally do not and cannot have too many people frequenting at one time). 2. Not a prime destination for Americans (or Europeans), or with lots of US interests (at least not yet, and not likely in the immediate term). And the capital of Malaysia is not located in Sabah or Sarawak. 3. Politically and socially most stable and peaceful in the region, two important ingredients that can minimise the threats of terrorism. It is definitely much safer in a secluded beach resort or in the jungle or natural environment than a populated high rise building or nightclub (not enough nightlife here in fact).           .

Introduction

Sarawak is the largest state in Malaysia. It covers an area of 124,000 square kilometres and has a coastline of some 800km facing the South China Sea. Lying on the northwest coast of Borneo, the third largest island in the world, Sarawak shares its boundaries with Kalimantan (Indonesia Bomeo) in the south, Brunei and Sabah in the north.

Sarawak is also known as 'The land of many rivers'. The rivers provide natural means of transportation and communication. The 590km long Sungai Rejang is the longest river in the country. The rivers together with the wide spread trunk roads and well connected domestic air links make traveling to interior destinations easily accessible.

Once ruled by the three White Rajahs for about 100 years from 1841-1941, there are many a romantic past told about the wars and glimpses of the bygone era of the Brookes. The battles between the pirates and the Brooke forces, the rebellions by Dayaks, Malays and Chinese gold miners had filled Sarawak past with mystery and excitement. The famous Sarawak Museum with its huge collection of native heritage and artefacts, also houses the best collection of its rich history. Today, despite her rapid urbanisation, many historical remains of the Brookes can still be found at Kuching and other parts of Sarawak.

Introduction

Home to the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), the country's main entry point, and Port Klang, the largest port in Malaysia.

There is an extensive network of highways and expressways (toll) in the state, making all parts of Selangor easily accessible.

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia's capital, and Putrajaya, the federal administrative capital, lie within the bounds of the state, further enhancing the touristic appeal of Selangor.

The magnificent Kota Darul Ehsan Arch along the Federal Highway welcomes visitors driving into the state. This Moorish-styled arch is the state's most distinguishing landmark, erected to mark the ceding of Kuala Lumpur to the Federal Government in 1974.

Selangor dazzles with a fascinating variety of attractions. Its flourishing urban centres, such as Petaling Jaya, Subang Jaya, Sunway and the royal town of Klang abound with modern facilities, from excellent healthcare institutions, international colleges to huge shopping malls and recreational centres.

Shah Alam, Selangor's capital, has the distinction of being a well-planned township which harmonizes nature with modernity. Here, residential areas and commercial centres are set amidst lush landscapes and a sprawling lake.

Away from the urban centres, refreshing scenes of rural villages and serene coastlines begin to unfurl. This exciting state is also the venue of world-class sporting events such as the Formula One Grand Prix and F1 Powerboat World Championship.

History-lovers will be enchanted by Selangor's colourful past, rich with the glorious days of its tin mining industry and the splendour of its royal household.

Showcasing a wealth of attractions such as diverse cultures, unique places of interest,

Introduction

Terengganu is one of the Malaysian state which is endowed with a wealth of charming and refreshing natural landscapes. She has beaches, exotic islands, lush virgin tropical jungle, quaint fishing villages, dazzling waterfalls and many, many more. Her miles and miles of white, sandy beaches and crystal clear water stretches throughout its 225 km coastline, extending from Besut in the north to Kemaman in the South. Her islands are among the most picturesque and fascinating in the country. From its myriad of colourful pastimes which include batik printing and songket weaving to the rapturous celebration of its many generations of cultural and traditional heritage, Terengganu is indeed a very blessed state.

Terengganu's population, which stands at approximately 1 million people, consists of 90% Malays, with the rest being made up of Chinese and Indians. The pace of life in Kuala Terengganu, its capital state, and all the towns and villages in Terengganu is unhurried and unaffected by the hustle and bustle of a big city.

Terengganu's history goes back to as far as the 1st century and has long been an important area of Malay settlement. Throughout the time up to the present day, Terengganu has been ruled by 16 Sultans.

Introduction

Labuan island is located off the northwest coast of Borneo, north of Brunei Bay and faces the South China Sea. It comprises of the main island of Pulau Labuan and six smaller islands namely Pulau Kuraman, Pulau Daat, Pulau Rusukan Besar, Pulau Rusukan Kecil, Pulau Papan and Pulau Burung. It is located at 05 latitude North and 115 longitude East, and lies approximately 10 km southeast off the coast of the East Malaysian state of Sabah.

Labuan is only 8km or twenty minute boat ride from Menumbok, a small fishing town in Sabah. High speed air-conditioned ferries ply daily to Labuan from Sabah, Sarawak and Negara Brunei Darussalam. The trip from Kota Kinabalu, capital of Sabah takes about 3 hours and about an hour from Negara Brunei Darussalam. It is roughly equidistant from Bangkok, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong, Manila and Singapore. There are direct flights from Kuala Lumpur as well as from Brunei.

The island is mainly flat and undulating and the highest point is only 85 metres. More than 70 percent of the island is still under vegetation. Due to the fact that land utility is geared more towards property and industrial use, there is less agricultural activity in the area. Most of the island's prime land, waterfront and suburbs are utilised for residential and tourism development. A sizeable area on the south western side of the island is utilised by shipbuilding, manufacturing and oil and gas industries.

Labuan has a tropical climate with two annual monsoon seasons - the South West monsoon from April to June and the North East monsoon from September to December. It is free from hurricanes and typhoons and enjoys good climate all year round. Daily temperatures average between 28 to 32 degrees celsius.

Location
Labuan comprises one main island and six other smaller ones covering an area of 92 sq. km. It is located off the coast of East Malaysia.

History
Labuan had a glorious history under the rule of various empires. After the demise of the Majapahit Empire in the 14th century, Labuan came under the rule of the Brunei Sultanate. The Island was ceded to the British by the Brunei Sultanate in 1846. The British then officially declared Labuan a colony of the British Empire in 1849 and renamed it Victoria. The British lost its hold over Labuan in 1942 when the Japanese Army occupied the island. The Island was renamed Maeda Island during the Japanese rule. After World War II, the British resumed control of the island until 1963 when Labuan joined Malaysia and became a part of Sabah. The Island became a Federal Territory of Malaysia in 1984. Labuan was declared an International Offshore Financial Centre in 1990.

Politics
Labuan is a Federal Territory of Malaysia, which is a democracy based on the parliamentary system of government. Labuan is a strategic naval and air force base for East Malaysia, which makes it one of the safest places to visit in the region.

Population (year 2000)
The population of Labuan is 78,000 comprising of 41,900 males and 36,100 females.
Malay - 24,400
Chinese - 9,400
Indian - 900
Other races - 20,900
Foreigners - 22,400

Climate
Labuan has a tropical balmy climate with two annual monsoon seasons - the South West monsoon from April to June and the North East monsoon from September to December. It is free from hurricanes and typhoons and enjoys good climate all year round. Daily temperatures average between 28 to 32 degrees Celsius.

Language
Bahasa Melayu is the national language. However, English, Chinese and Tamil are widely spoken.

Religion
Islam is the official religion of Malaysia. Freedom of worship is guaranteed. Places of worship for Muslims, Hindus, Christians and Buddhists are available.

Time
Local time : GMT + 8 hours
Sunrise : 0600 hours
Sunset : 1830 hours

Taxi Services
Taxis may be hired from taxi stands, hailed by roadsides or through a radio-phone paging system. They operate by zone with charges ranging from RM6.00 for Zone No. 1 to RM26.50 for Zone No. 9.

Bus Services
Town buses in Labuan operate services both within town and numerous destinations around. Generally these buses utilise vans and are commonly called 'mini buses'.

Business Hours
Shops generally open from 9.30 am to 7.00 pm while supermarkets and department stores operate from 10.00 am till 10.00 pm. Some bigger stores may open for business on Sundays.

Working Hours
Government
Monday to Thursday: 8.00am - 1.00pm / 2.00pm - 4.30pm
Friday: 8.00am - 11.30am / 12.00pm - 4.30pm
Saturday : 8.00am - 12.30pm
*Off on 1st Saturday and 3rd Saturday of the month, Public Holidays and Sundays

Commercial
Monday to Friday: 9.00am - 1.00pm / 1.30pm - 5.00pm
*Some open half day on Saturday;Off on Public Holidays and Sundays

Bank
Monday to Friday: 10.00am - 3.00pm
Saturday: 9.30am - 11.30am
*Off on 1st Saturday and 3rd Saturday of the month, Public Holidays and Sundays

Currency
Malaysia Ringgit (RM) is the legal medium of exchange in Malaysia. Traveller’s cheques and foreign currency can be converted to RM with commercial banks or authorized money changers. (USD = RM3.8)

Money Changing
Foreign currency and travellers cheques may be changed in all commercial banks during banking hours. Mondays to Fridays - 9.30 am to 3.00 pm Saturdays - 9.30 am to 11.30 am. Banks are closed every Sunday. Travellers cheques are accepted in leading hotels, stores and car rental agencies.

Shopping Tips
Check for the correct voltage when purchasing electrical and electronic goods. Malaysia uses 220 volts. Most stores however, often sell their products without plugs but will be fixed on upon request. Many electrical items also carry a one-year warranty, so please make sure you get the warranty card.

Export Of Antiques
Antiques may not be exported without a licence from the Director-General of the Museum and Antiquity Department.

Fly Drive Tourism
Labuan's roads are generally free from traffic and is ideal for self drive. The many car rental companies offer a wide range of luxury cars at competitive rates.

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